Hey wɔ hɔ! Sɛ́ obi a ɔde octyl phenol ma no, manya nsɛmmisa pii nnansa yi wɔ nea ɛkɔ so wɔ octyl phenol ho bere a wɔayi no adi akɔ wim pɛ no. Enti, misusuwii sɛ mɛbubu nnuru a ebetumi ayɛ adwuma a ebia saa aduru yi bɛfa mu wɔ soro hɔ no.
Nea edi kan no, momma yɛnka octyl phenol ho asɛm kakra. Ɛyɛ nnuru a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnwuma ahorow pii mu, te sɛ nea wɔyɛ de tew nneɛma, emulsifiers, ne plastic ahorow bi mpo. Nanso sɛ ɛkɔ wim pɛ a, ɛwɔ bɔɔlbɔ foforo koraa mu.
Nneɛma a ɛtaa ba a octyl phenol betumi anya wɔ wim no mu biako ne oxidation. Nneɛma a ɛma ɔhyew te sɛ hydroxyl radicals (OH•) ahyɛ wim ma. Saa mmarima nkumaa yi yɛ super reactive. Sɛ octyl phenol molecule bi bɔ hydroxyl radical a, ebetumi afi ase ayɛ nneɛma a ɛtoatoa so. Mpɛn pii no, hydroxyl radical no bɛtow ahyɛ ring a ɛyɛ huam a ɛwɔ octyl phenol no mu no so. Eyi ma phenoxy radical ne nsu ba. Afei phenoxy radical no tumi ne oxygen afoforo - a ɛwɔ mmoa ahorow a ɛwɔ mframa mu no yɛ adwuma bio. Sɛ nhwɛso no, ebetumi ne molecule oxygen (O2) ayɛ adwuma ma ayɛ peroxy radicals. Saa peroxy radicals yi nso yɛ adwuma yiye na ebetumi akɔ so ne efĩ afoforo anaa molecule ahorow a ɛyɛ den wɔ wim ayɛ adwuma.
Ade foforo a ebetumi ayɛ ade ne photolysis. Owia hann no tow hyɛ wim bere nyinaa, na ebetumi ama ahoɔden a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛma nnuru a ɛwɔ octyl phenol mu no abubu. Sɛ octyl phenol twetwe hann a ne tenten fata a, ebetumi apaapae ayɛ asinasin nketenkete. Ebia saa asinasin yi bi yɛ nea ɛyɛ adwuma na ebetumi de ne ho ahyɛ nnuru afoforo a ɛyɛ adwuma mu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ nkitahodi bi a ɛwɔ octyl fã - nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no mu bubu a, ebetumi ayɛ alkyl radical. Afei saa alkyl radical yi betumi ne oxygen ayɛ adwuma ma ayɛ alkyl peroxy radical, a ɛte sɛ nea yehuu wɔ oxidation adeyɛ no mu no.
Mprempren, octyl phenol nso tumi ne efĩ afoforo a ɛwɔ wim yɛ adwuma. Efĩ a ɛte saa no biako ne nitrogen oxides (NO3). Nitrogen oxides fi nneɛma te sɛ kar mu mframa ne mfiridwuma mu nneɛma a wɔyɛ mu. Sɛ octyl phenol ne nitrogen dioxide (NO2) di nkitaho a, ebetumi ayɛ nitro - a wɔde asi ananmu. Saa nnuru a wɔde nitro - asi ananmu yi taa yɛ awuduru kɛse na ɛkɔ so tra ase wɔ nkwa mu sɛ wɔde toto mfitiase octyl phenol no ho a. Nneyɛe a ɛda octyl phenol ne NO2 ntam no betumi ayɛ nea ɛfa nitro kuw (-NO2) a wɔde bɛka octyl phenol molecule no hua ring no ho.
Wɔ saa nneyɛe yi akyi no, octyl phenol nso tumi fa nsu mu wɔ tebea horow bi mu. Ɛwom sɛ wim ntaa nyɛ nea ɛyɛ nsu kɛse de, nanso nsu a ɛyɛ hyew kakraa bi da so ara wɔ hɔ. Sɛ nsu wɔ hɔ na pH tebea a ɛfata mu a, ester anaa ether nkitahodi a ɛwɔ octyl phenol a efi mu ba no bi mu no betumi abubu. Saa nsuo a ɛpaapae yi betumi ama wɔayɛ nneɛma a ɛnyɛ den, a ebia ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛsɛe anaasɛ wobeyi afi wim.
Ɛho hia sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ sɛnea saa nneyɛe yi ba ankasa ne sɛnea ɛba ntɛmntɛm no gyina nneɛma kakraa bi so. Octyl phenol dodow a ɛwɔ wim, nneɛma a ɛyɛ adwuma te sɛ oxidants ne efĩ a ɛwɔ hɔ, ne asetra mu tebea horow te sɛ ɔhyew, ɔhyew, ne owia hann a ano yɛ den nyinaa di dwuma. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ nkurow akɛse mu beae a efĩ wɔ a NO1 dɔɔso na owia hann a ano yɛ den wom no, ɛda adi sɛ octyl phenol ne efĩ yi ne nea ɛnam photolysis so yɛ adwuma no abu so kɛse.
Sɛ yɛte nnuru a ɛma nneɛma yɛ adwuma yi ase a, ɛnyɛ nyansahu mu mfaso ara kwa. Ɛwɔ wiase nkyerɛkyerɛmu ankasa -. Yɛn fam sɛ yɛn a yɛde nneɛma ma no, ɛboa yɛn ma yɛte nkɛntɛnso a yɛn ade no nya wɔ asetra mu no ase. Afei yebetumi ayɛ adwuma de ahwehwɛ akwan a yɛbɛfa so atew octyl phenol a ɛbɛkɔ wim no so anaasɛ yɛayɛ akwan foforo a ɛyɛ adamfofa su kɛse.
Sɛ w’ani gye ho sɛ wubesua pii afa sɔhwɛ pɔtee bi a ɛfa octyl phenol ne ne nkwa mu nkɛntɛnso ho a, wubetumi ahwɛ link yi:4-sɔhwɛdfgsdfg. Ɛde nsɛm bi a emu dɔ a ebia mfaso wɔ so ma.
Afei, menim sɛ saa nsɛm yi nyinaa a ɛfa nnuru a ɛyɛ adwuma ho no betumi ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛyɛ mfiridwuma kakra, nanso ne nyinaa yɛ hwɛ a yɛbɛhwɛ sɛ yɛde octyl phenol redi dwuma na yɛde ama wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ asɛyɛde sen biara so no fã. Sɛ wowɔ octyl phenol gua so, sɛ́ ɛyɛ nhwehwɛmu anaasɛ mfiridwuma mu dwumadie a, yɛwɔ ha sɛ yɛbɛboa. Yɛanya octyl phenol a ɛyɛ papa - a ɛyɛ papa gyinapɛn a ɛyɛ katee.
Sɛ worehwehwɛ sɛ wubenya octyl phenol ama w’adwuma a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛkɔ. Yɛasiesie yɛn ho sɛ yɛbɛbɔ nkɔmmɔ afa w’ahiade pɔtee ne sɛnea yebetumi de ano aduru a eye sen biara ama wo ho. Sɛ́ ebia wuhia dodow ketewaa bi ma lab sɔhwɛ anaasɛ - scale supply kɛse ma mfiridwuma nhyehyɛe bi a, yɛakata wo so. Momma yenfi nkɔmmɔbɔ ase na yɛnhwɛ sɛnea yebetumi abom ayɛ adwuma.
Nsɛm a wɔde gyinaa so
- Atkinson, R. (1990) ne nea ɔkyerɛwee. Gas - phase Tropospheric Chemistry a ɛfa nneɛma a nkwa wom ho: Nhwehwɛmu. Nnuru Ho Nhwehwɛmu, 90(6), 857 - 888.
- Finlayson - Pitts, B. J., ne Pitts, J. N. (2000) ne wɔn a wɔka wɔn ho no. Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere: Nsusuwii, Sɔhwɛ, ne Nea Wɔde Di Dwuma. Adesua Nsɛmma Nhoma Tintimbea.
