Hey wɔ hɔ! Sɛ́ obi a ɔde dodecylphenol ma no, manya nsɛmmisa pii nnansa yi wɔ akwan a dodecylphenol fa so sɛe no ho. Enti, mesusuu sɛ mɛgye berɛ kakra de akyɛ deɛ menim na mabubu mu wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den sɛ mɛte aseɛ so.
Nea edi kan no, momma yɛnka nea dodecylphenol yɛ ho asɛm. Ɛyɛ alkylphenol bi, a ɛyɛ nnuru a ɛyɛ phenol ring a alkyl kuw bi abata ho. Wɔ dodecylphenol fam no, alkyl kuw no yɛ dodecyl nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn, a ɛyɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛwɔ carbon 12. Wɔtaa de dodecylphenol di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma ahorow mu, a nea ɛka ho ne nnuru a wɔde hohoro nneɛma ho, nneɛma a wɔde yɛ emulsifiers, ne nneɛma a ɛko tia ɔyare mmoawa.
Afei, momma yɛnkɔ akwan a wɔfa so sɛe nneɛma no mu. Akwan pii wɔ hɔ a dodecylphenol betumi afa so asɛe, na egyina nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a ɛda mu no so kɛse.
1. Nkwammoaa a wɔsɛe no
Nkwammoaa a wɔsɛe no yɛ akwan a ɛho hia sen biara a dodecylphenol tumi fa so sɛe wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu no mu biako. Mmoawa nketenkete te sɛ mmoawa ne fungi di dwuma titiriw wɔ saa adeyɛ yi mu. Saa mmoawa nketenkete yi tumi de dodecylphenol di dwuma sɛ carbon ne ahoɔden fibea. Wɔnam enzyme ahorow a ɛtoatoa so so bubu dodecylphenol molecule no.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, mmoawa bi betumi ama dodecylphenol alkyl nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no ayɛ oxide, na wɔde nkakrankakra ayɛ tiaa. Bere kɔ so no, wɔkyekyɛ molecule no mu ma ɛbɛyɛ nneɛma nketenkete a ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛsɛe. Sɛnea abɔde a nkwa wom sɛe no betumi ayɛ soronko a egyina nneɛma te sɛ ɔhyew, pH, ne aduannuru a ɛwɔ hɔ so. Mpɛn pii no, ɔhyew a ɛyɛ hyew ne pH a ɛnyɛ nea ɛwɔ mu no taa ma abɔde a nkwa wom sɛe ntɛmntɛm.
2. Mfonini a wɔsɛe no
Photodegradation ba bere a wɔde dodecylphenol to owia hann mu, titiriw ultraviolet (UV) mframa. UV hann wɔ ahoɔden a ɛdɔɔso a ebetumi abubu nnuru a ɛwɔ dodecylphenol molecule no mu no. Sɛ eyi ba a, molecule no betumi ayɛ nneɛma ahorow te sɛ oxidation ne cleavage.
Oxidation reactions betumi ama oxygen atom ahorow aba molecule no mu, na asakra ne nnuru su. Cleavage reactions betumi abubu molecule no mu ayɛ no asinasin nketenkete. Nneɛma a efi photodegradation mu ba no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ nea efi biodegradation mu ba no ho. Ɛda adi sɛ photodegradation ba kɛse wɔ nsu a ɛwɔ soro ne wim baabi a owia hann ba tẽẽ no.
3. Nnuru a Wɔde Yɛ Oxidation
Nnuru a wɔde yɛ oxidation yɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so sɛe nneɛma. Wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu no, nneɛma ahorow a ɛma ɔhyew te sɛ ozone, hydrogen peroxide, ne dade ions bi wɔ hɔ. Saa nneɛma a ɛma oxidizing yi betumi ne dodecylphenol ayɛ adwuma na abubu.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, ozone yɛ ade a tumi wom a ɛma ɔhyew. Sɛ ozone ne dodecylphenol di nkitaho a, ebetumi ne nkitahodi abien a ɛwɔ phenol ring ne alkyl nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn no mu no ayɛ adwuma. Eyi ma wɔyɛ nneɛma a wɔde oxidized ayɛ, a ɛtaa yɛ polar ne nsu - a ɛtumi nwura mu sen mfitiase dodecylphenol molecule no. Mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ den sɛ saa nneɛma a ɛwɔ po so kɛse yi sɛe kɔ akyiri anaasɛ woyi fi nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no mu.
4. Nsu a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu
Hydrolysis yɛ adeyɛ a ɛma nsu mu nneɛma nketenkete bubu nnuru a ɛwɔ dodecylphenol mu no. Ɛwom sɛ dodecylphenol ntumi ntumi nkɔ nsu mu wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia tebea a ɛfata mu de, nanso nneɛma bi betumi ama nsu a ɛporɔw ntɛmntɛm no akɔ soro. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ acid anaa base a ano yɛ den wɔ hɔ a, wobetumi ama hydrolysis adeyɛ no ayɛ ntɛmntɛm.
Wɔ acid tebea horow mu no, wobetumi de phenol kuw a ɛwɔ dodecylphenol mu no ayɛ proton, na ɛma molecule no yɛ mmerɛw sɛ nsu bɛtow ahyɛ no so. Wɔ tebea horow titiriw mu no, hydroxide ions no tumi ne molecule no yɛ adwuma, na ɛma nkitahodi ahorow bi mu paapae. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, nsu mu a ɛporɔw yɛ ade a ɛma nneɛma sɛe brɛoo bere a wɔde toto abɔde a nkwa wom a ɛsɛe ade ne nea ɛsɛe ade wɔ hann mu wɔ abɔde mu nneɛma pii mu ho no.
Afei, dɛn nti na ɛho hia sɛ yɛte saa akwan a wɔfa so sɛe nneɛma yi ase? Wiɛ, sɛnea obi a ɔde nneɛma ma no hwɛ no, ɛboa yɛn ma yɛte nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a dodecylphenol de ba no ase yiye. Saa nimdeɛ yi ho hia kɛse na ama yɛahwɛ ahu sɛ wɔde yɛn nneɛma bedi dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛbɛma nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so nkɛntɛnso ketewaa bi so.
Wɔ yɛn adetɔfo fam no, sɛ yɛbɛte akwan horow a wɔfa so sɛe nneɛma no ase nso betumi ayɛ nea mfaso wɔ so. Sɛ wode dodecylphenol redi dwuma wɔ application pɔtee bi mu a, ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ n’ade wɔ tebea no mu bere a wode adi dwuma awie no. Eyi betumi aboa wo ma woasisi gyinae a ɛfata wɔ nwura a wɔde di dwuma ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho banbɔ ho.
Sɛ w’ani gye ho sɛ wubesua pii afa dodecylphenol a wɔsɛe no ho sɔhwɛ ahorow ho a, wubetumi ahwɛ link yi:4-sɔhwɛdfgsdfg. Ɛde nsɛm bi a emu dɔ a ɛfa sɔhwɛ akwan ne nea efi mu ba a ɛfa dodecylphenol a wɔsɛe no ho ma.
Sɛ́ obi a yɛde dodecylphenol ma no, yɛasi yɛn bo sɛ yɛde nneɛma a ɛkorɔn - bɛma na yɛahwɛ nso sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ nea ɛmma nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia so. Sɛ wowɔ dodecylphenol gua so anaasɛ wowɔ nsɛmmisa biara fa ne su, sɛnea wɔde di dwuma, anaa sɛnea ɛsɛe no ho a, ntwentwɛn wo nan ase sɛ wobɛkɔ. Yɛn ani begye sɛ yɛne wo bɛbɔ nkɔmmɔ na yɛahwɛ sɛnea yebetumi adi w’ahiade ho dwuma. Sɛ woyɛ - scale adwumfoɔ ketewa anaa adwumayɛkuo kɛseɛ bi a, yɛwɔ ha sɛ yɛbɛboa wo.
Nsɛm a wɔde gyinaa so
- Schwarzenbach, R. P., Gschwend, P. M., & Imboden, D. M. (2003) ne wɔn a wɔka wɔn ho no. Nneɛma a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia Ho Nnuruyɛ. Wiley - Nyansahu ntam nkitahodi.
- Atlas, R. M., & Bartha, R. (1998) ne wɔn a wɔka wɔn ho no. Microbial Ecology: Mfitiase ne Nea Wɔde Di Dwuma. Benjamin Cummings na ɔkyerɛwee.
- Pignatello, J. J., Oliveros, E., ne MacKay, A. (2006) ne wɔn a wɔka wɔn ho no. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Organic Contaminant Ɔsɛe a Egyina Fenton Reaction ne Chemistry a Ɛfa Ho So. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛho hia wɔ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho nyansahu ne mfiridwuma mu, 36(1), 1 - 84.
